Correlation between miR-21, miR-191 and Clinical Stage of Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the relationship between microRNA (miR)-21, miR-191 and clinical stage of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).@*METHODS@#100 patients with DLBCL treated in Shanxi Fenyang Hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were selected as the research subjects. All patients was divided into stage I, stage II, stage III and stage IV according to Ann-Arbor (Cotswolds) staging system at admission. The baseline data of patients at different clinical stages were counted and compared in detail. The relationship between the levels of miR-21 and miR-191 and the clinical stage of DLBCL patients was mainly analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Among the 100 patients with DLBCL, there were 15 patients at stage I, 25 patients at stage II, 37 patients at stage III and 23 patients at stage IV. The levels of miR-21 and miR-191 in patients at stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ were increased gradually, which showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05). According to Kendall's tau-b correlation analysis, it was found that the levels of miR-21 and miR-191 were positively correlated with the clinical stage of DLBCL patients (r=0.566, 0.636). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the overexpression of serum miR-21 and miR-191 was a risk factor for high clinical stage in patients with DLBCL (OR>1, P<0.05). Bivariate Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between miR-21 and miR-191 levels in patients with DLBCL (r=0.339).@*CONCLUSION@#The overexpression of miR-21 and miR-191 in patients with DLBCL is related to high clinical stage.

Neutralizing Antibody Responses against Five SARS-CoV-2 Variants and T Lymphocyte Change after Vaccine Breakthrough Infections from the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 Variant in Tianjin, China: A Prospective Study / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate whether Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection after receiving the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine could create a strong immunity barrier.@*METHODS@#Blood samples were collected at two different time points from 124 Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infected patients and 124 controls matched for age, gender, and vaccination profile. Live virus-neutralizing antibodies against five SARS-CoV-2 variants, including WT, Gamma, Beta, Delta, and Omicron BA.1, and T-lymphocyte lymphocyte counts in both groups were measured and statistically analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The neutralizing antibody titers against five different variants of SARS-CoV-2 were significantly increased in the vaccinated population infected with the Omicron BA.1 variant at 3 months after infection, but mainly increased the antibody level against the WT strain, and the antibody against the Omicron strain was the lowest. The neutralizing antibody level decreased rapidly 6 months after infection. The T-lymphocyte cell counts of patients with mild and moderate disease recovered at 3 months and completely returned to the normal state at 6 months.@*CONCLUSION@#Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection mainly evoked humoral immune memory in the original strain after vaccination and hardly produced neutralizing antibodies specific to Omicron BA.1. Neutralizing antibodies against the different strains declined rapidly and showed features similar to those of influenza. Thus, T-lymphocytes may play an important role in recovery.

Moxibustion regulates T-regulatory/T-helper 17 cell balance by modulating the microRNA-221/suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 axis in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) progression is associated with the balance of T-regulatory (Treg) and T-helper 17 (Th17) cells, while the role of microRNAs (miRs) in regulating Treg/Th17 cell balance has not been clarified. This study aimed to assess whether moxibustion could regulate Treg/Th17 cell balance by modulating the miR-221/suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) axis in the RA mouse model.@*METHODS@#A mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was established in male DBA/1J mice. Twenty-two days after CIA induction, the mice received daily treatment with moxibustion for 12 times. Pathological scores were assessed according to the levels of synovial hyperplasia. The expression levels of cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-17 and IL-10 were analyzed in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+) splenocytes was analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The expression levels of RA-related miRs and target genes were subsequently detected, and the target of miR-221 was confirmed by the dual-luciferase reporter assay.@*RESULTS@#It was revealed that moxibustion treatment decreased the pathological scores and downregulated the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17, while upregulated the expression level of IL-10. The Treg/Th17 cell balance was regulated by moxibustion treatment. The expression level of miR-221 was suppressed by moxibustion treatment. Furthermore, SOCS3 was found as the direct target of miR-221, which mediated the function of moxibustion by regulating the Treg/Th17 cell balance.@*CONCLUSION@#Moxibustion therapy regulated the Treg/Th17 cell balance by modulating the miR-221/SOCS3 axis in the RA mouse model.

Research Progress of HO1 on AntiOxidative Stress Injury of MSC --Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) is widely used in cell therapy because of its high proliferative and multi directional differentiation potential as well as its low immunogenicity. The transplantation of MSC can help the repair of the injured organs, however, the MSC transplanted to the local organs are affected by oxidative stress and lead to premature aging or apoptosis. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) is a key ratelimiting enzyme in the process of heme metabolism, which has the functions of antiinflammation, antioxidation, antiapoptosis, antiaging, reducing cell damage and promoting angiogenesis. Induced high expression of HO1 in MSC could increase the ability of MSC against oxidative stress injury, delay the senescence and apoptosis of MSC, and alleviate cell injury. In this reviews, the research progress of HO1 on antioxidative stress injury of MSC.

Clinical observation on different needling depth for dyspepsia after ischemic stroke / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the efficacy difference between conventional needling depth and deep needling for dyspepsia after ischemic stroke.@*METHODS@#A total of 120 patients with dyspepsia after ischemic stroke were randomized into an observation group (60 cases, 4 cases dropped off) and a control group (60 cases, 3 cases dropped off). Basic treatment was given in the both groups. In the observation group, deep needling was applied at Zhongwan (CV 12), Tianshu (ST 25) and Liangmen (ST 21) for 60-70 mm, after even reinforcing-reducing manipulation of lifting-thrusting technique, the needles were withdrew to 35-50 mm. In the control group, the same acupoints as the observation group were selected and punctured for 25 mm. The needles were retained for 30 min, once a day, 6 times a week for 2 weeks in the both groups. The dyspepsia TCM symptom score was observed before treatment, 1 day and 1, 2 weeks into treatment, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated 2 weeks into treatment in the both groups.@*RESULTS@#The effective rate was 92.9% (52/56) in the observation group, which was superior to 78.9% (45/57) in the control group (@*CONCLUSION@#Conventional needling depth and deep needling can both improve the clinical symptoms in patients with dyspepsia after ischemic stroke, and deep needling has faster and better efficacy.

Sequencing and analysis of transcriptome to reveal regulation of gene expression in Salvia miltiorrhiza under moderate drought stress / 中草药

Objective: To analyze the molecular mechanism of different tissues of Salvia miltiorrhiza in response to moderate drought stress by transcriptome sequencing. Methods: The roots and leaves of 4-month-old S. miltiorrhiza from moderate drought stressed group and control group (the relative water content in soil was 55%-60% and 75%-80%, respectively) were used as the test material. And the transcriptome sequencing analysis was carried out by using Illumina HiSeq 2000. After obtaining transcriptome data, gene function annotation, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) screening and and co-expression network analysis were performed. Results: A total of 58 085 Unigenes were obtained by transcriptome sequencing. Among them, 28 846 Unigenes were annotated, and there were 1 853 and 1 457 DEGs in roots and leaves, respectively. The GO enrichment results showed that the DEGs of the roots and leaves were both significantly enriched in metabolic process, stimulus response, cell structure, and catalytic activity, etc. The KEGG pathway analysis showed that DEGs in roots were significantly enriched in DNA replication, plant hormone signal transduction, plant-pathogen interaction, and carotenoid biosynthesis, etc. And the DEGs in leaves were mainly concentrated in amino acids, alkaloids, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The genes of key enzymes involved in phenylpropanoid and terpenoid biosynthesis were up-regulated by moderate drought stress, which might be the basis for accelerating the accumulation of active ingredients in leaves and roots of S. miltiorrhiza. AP2 /ERF, bHLH, bZIP, WRKY, and MYB transcription factors were significantly differentially expressed in roots and leaves. Gene co-expression network analysis predicted transcription factors that may be involved in regulating the expression of terpenoid genes under moderate drought stress. Conclusion: The high-throughput transcriptome sequencing revealed the regulatory characteristics of moderate drought stress on gene expression in different tissues of S. miltiorrhiza, which could provide scientific basis for further research on the biosynthesis mechanism of medicinal components of S. miltiorrhiza and reasonable irrigation in cultivation.

Effect analysis of quantified and graded management of health supervision in some public places of Shanghai Pudong New Area / 上海预防医学

Objective In order to strengthen health supervision and management of public places and prevent occurrence of sudden public health events, we explored the effect of quantified and graded management of public places health supervision in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, and drew relevant research results, improving the efficiency of supervision and management in public places. Methods In 2018 from Zhuqiao Town of Pudong New Area Zhuqiao, 200 public places were randomly selected for quantified and graded management of health supervision and quantitative grading including public regulations, tobacco control and appliances, cleaning and disinfection procedures, and according to the score of evaluation results, public health levels A, B, C were rated for those public places.Single factor and multi factor conditional logistic regression model were used for comprehensive analysis to identify related factors affecting the quantitative and graded effect of public health supervision. Results With regard to quantitative and graded health supervision, the relevant knowledge in the 200 public places was updated.By univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis of multiple factors were ultimately selected 3 factors for public health supervision and quantitative grading management:with or without a health certificate valid (OR=1.121, P=0.026), with or without ashtrays placed in public places (OR=1.012, P=0.032), with or without health inspection report (OR=1.412, P=0.012). Conclusion The influencing factors of quantifying hygienic supervision in public places are mainly effective health certificates, ashtrays in public places and health inspection reports.In future, health supervision of public places should be enhanced in this regard.

Regulation of flowering time via miR172-mediated APETALA2-like expression in ornamental gloxinia (Sinningia speciosa) / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

We investigated the microRNA172 (miR172)-mediated regulatory network for the perception of changes in external and endogenous signals to identify a universally applicable floral regulation system in ornamental plants, manipulation of which could be economically beneficial. Transgenic gloxinia plants, in which miR172 was either overexpressed or suppressed, were generated using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. They were used to study the effect of altering the expression of this miRNA on time of flowering and to identify its mRNA target. Early or late flowering was observed in transgenic plants in which miR172 was overexpressed or suppressed, respectively. A full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) of gloxinia (Sinningia speciosa) APETALA2-like (SsAP2-like) was identified as a target of miR172. The altered expression levels of miR172 caused up- or down-regulation of SsAP2-like during flower development, which affected the time of flowering. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR analysis of different gloxinia tissues revealed that the accumulation of SsAP2-like was negatively correlated with the expression of miR172a, whereas the expression pattern of miR172a was negatively correlated with that of miR156a. Our results suggest that transgenic manipulation of miR172 could be used as a universal strategy for regulating time of flowering in ornamental plants.

A new polyketide from marine-derived Streptomyces sp.MDW-06 / 中国中药杂志

To isolate and identify secondary metabolites of marine-derived Streptomyces sp.MDW-06,the isolations and purifications of compounds were performed by means of column chromatography over silica gel. And their structures were elucidated through the spectroscopic analysis of MS,NMR and specific rotations. The bioactivities were assayed by paper diffusion and DPPH method. From the fermentation broth of marine-derived Streptomyces sp.MDW-06,five compounds( 1-5) were isolated and identified as streptopentanoic acid( 1),germicidin A( 2),germicidin B( 3),isogermicidin A( 4),isogermicidin B( 5) and oxohygrolidin( 6),respectively. Compound 1 is a new compound. Compound 1 shows DPPH radical scavenging activity with 36. 4% at 100 mg·L~(-1).

Determination of seven ingredients of different grades Alismatis Rhizoma by QAMS method / 中国中药杂志

The present study is to establish a quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker(QAMS) for determining contents of seven compositions in Alismatis Rhizoma, alismoxide, alisol C 23-acetate, alisol A, alismol, alisol B, alisol B 23-acetate and 11-deoxy-alisol B. Six relative correction factors(RCFs) of alismoxide, alisol C 23-acetate, alisol A, alismol, alisol B and 11-deoxy-alisol B were established in the UPLC method with alisol B 23-acetate as the internal standard, which was to calculate the mass fraction of each. The mass fraction of seven effective constituents in Alismatis Rhizoma was calculated by the external standard method(ESM) at the same time. Compared with the content results determined by the ESM and QAMS, the feasibility and accuracy of QAMS method were verified. Within the linear range, the RCFs of alismoxide, alisol C 23-acetate, alisol A, alismol, alisol B, 11-deoxy-alisol B were 0.946, 4.183, 0.915, 1.039, 0.923 and 1.244, respectively, with good repeatability in different experimental conditions. There was no significant difference between the QAMS method and ESM method. Then, QAMS method was applied to determination of the different degree Alismatis Rhizoma from different areas. As a result, the concentrations of 7 components have differences in different areas, but no significant differences in different grades. The QAMS method is feasible and accurate for the determination of the seven chemical compositions, and which can be used for quality control of Alismatis Rhizoma.

New perspective in children and adolescents’ physical and mental health study: from positive youth development viewpoint / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective Positive youth development (PYD) perspective provides a new paradigm for children and adolescents’ physical and mental health research. It emphasizes children and adolescents’ s strengths and plasticity, as well as the impact of the interaction between individual and environment on children and adoleseents’ physical and mental health. This perspective enriches the comprehensive understanding of children and adolescents’ physical and mental health, and provides theoretical support and practical guidance for physical and mental health prevention intervention and interdisciplinary research. It also has an important impact on public policy development. The present paper systematically reviewed the theoretical models, empirical research and future prospects regarding the relationship between PYD and children and adolescents' physical and mental health based on the connotation structure and measurement development.

Effect of Apolipoprotein E Genotypes on Huntington's Disease Phenotypes in a Han Chinese Population / 神经科学通报·英文版

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant degenerative disease that mainly encompasses movement, cognition, and behavioral symptoms. The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is thought to be associated with many neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we enrolled a cohort of 223 unrelated Han Chinese patients with HD and 1241 unrelated healthy controls in Southeastern China and analyzed the correlation between APOE genotypes and HD phenotypes. The results showed that the frequency of the E4 allele (7.1%) in HD patients was statistically less than that in controls (12.0%) (P =0.004). In addition, we divided patients into motor-onset and non-motor-onset groups, and analyzed the relationship with APOE genotypes. The results, however, were negative. Furthermore, the age at onset (AAO), defined as the age at the onset of motor symptoms, was compared in each APOE genotype subgroup and multivariate regression analysis was used to exclude the interference of CAG repeat length on AAO, but no association was found between APOE genotypes and AAO. Finally, we analyzed adult-onset HD to exclude the interference caused by juvenile HD (n = 13), and the results were negative. Therefore, our study suggests that APOE may not be a genetic modifier for HD, especially for adult-onset HD among Chinese of Han ethnicity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of the correlation between APOE genotypes and HD phenotypes in a Han Chinese population.

Research progress on impact of gut microbiota on cancer immunotherapy upon immune-checkpoint blockers / 中国免疫学杂志

Numbers of commensal microbiota live in the human intestine.Intestinal flora can help their host digest food and their metabolite can affect human′s capacity of digestion.In addition,commensal microbiota can improve the ability of host against auto-immune disease and so on.Therefore,the commensal microbiota may be regarded as an essential"organ" in our body.Recent research has revealed that gut microbiota can affect the cancer immunotherapy upon immune-checkpoint blockers(ICB).Combined with recent study results,this article reviews the immune-related adverse events after cancer immunotherapy,introduction of gut microbiota and research progress on impact of gut microbiota on cancer immunotherapy upon immune-checkpoint blockers.In addition,there is an outlook for the future research on gut microbiota against cancer.This article will provide a theoretical reference for study of the relationship of gut microbiota and cancer treatment.

Regulatory factors and modulation mechanisms of functions of ovarian germline stem cell niche / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

With increasing age in women, the ovarian function declines, which leads to decreased follicle generation, declined female fertility and age-related diseases ultimately. Female germline stem cells are epithelial cells existing on the ovarian surface, which can divide into new stem cells symmetrically and differentiate into germ cells and granulosa cells asymmetrically. The discovery of female germline stem cells brings much hope for the post-natal renewal of oocytes and solving female infertility problems. Ovarian germline stem cell niche in which female germline stem cells live is the surrounding microenvironment which plays an essential role in maintaining the function of female germline stem cells. Many factors including nutrition supply, protein, cytokines and signaling pathways can control the biological characters of female germline stem cells, and also influence their proliferation and differentiation. This paper reviewed the knowledge about the influencing factors and regulatory mechanisms of the function of ovarian germline stem cell niche.

Identification of Circular RNAs as a Novel Biomarker for Ovarian Endometriosis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background</b>Endometriosis is a challenging disease with symptoms such as dysmenorrhea and infertility. However, its etiology is still vague and there is still no effective markers or treatment. This study aimed to profile the circular RNAs (circRNAs) expressed in eutopic endometrium from patients with ovarian endometriosis and explore potential clues to the pathogenesis of endometriosis, providing an evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment.</p><p><b>Methods</b>A total of 63 clinical samples, including control endometrium (n = 22) and eutopic endometrium (n = 41), were collected from Peking Union Medical College Hospital between May 1, 2016, and December 31, 2016. Of them, four samples in each group were used for circRNA microarray. Then, four upregulated circRNAs were screened out for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validation. After that, bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict miRNAs targeted by validated circRNAs and investigate the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interactions.</p><p><b>Results</b>Among 88 differentially expressed circRNAs, 11 were upregulated and 77 were downregulated in eutopic endometrium of patients with endometriosis. qRT-PCR validation results for two upregulated circRNAs (circ_0004712 and circ_0002198) matched the microarray results. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of circ_0002198 for distinguishing ovarian endometriosis was 0.846 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.752-0.939; P < 0.001) while that of circ_0004712 was 0.704 (95% CI: 0.571-0.837; P = 0.008). On the basis of target prediction, we depicted the molecular interactions between the identified circRNAs and their dominant target miRNAs, as well as constructed a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network.</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>This study provides evidence that circRNAs are differentially expressed between eutopic and normal endometrium, which suggests that circRNAs are candidate factors in the activation of endometriosis. circ_0002198 and circ_0004712 may be potential novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of ovarian endometriosis.</p>

Knockdown of Chloride Channel-3 Inhibits Breast Cancer Growth In Vitro and In Vivo / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: Chloride channel-3 (ClC-3) is a member of the chloride channel family and plays a critical role in a variety of cellular activities. The aim of the present study is to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the antitumor effect of silencing ClC-3 in breast cancer. METHODS: Human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 were used in the experiments. Messenger RNA and protein expression were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Cell proliferation was measured by the bromodeoxyuridine method, and the cell cycle was evaluated using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Protein interaction in cells was analyzed by co-immunoprecipitation. Tumor tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and tumor burden was measured using the Metamorph software. RESULTS: Breast cancer tissues collected from patients showed an increase in ClC-3 expression. Knockdown of ClC-3 inhibited the secretion of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, cell proliferation, and G1/S transition in breast cancer cells. In the mouse xenograft model of human breast carcinoma, tumor growth was significantly slower in animals injected with ClC-3-deficient cells compared with the growth of normal human breast cancer cells. In addition, silencing of ClC-3 attenuated the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Ki-67, cyclin D1, and cyclin E, as well as the activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK) 1/2, both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION: Together, our data suggest that upregulation of ClC-3 by IGF-1 contributes to cell proliferation and tumor growth in breast cancer, and ClC-3 deficiency suppresses cell proliferation and tumor growth via the IGF/IGF receptor/ERK pathway.

Protective effect of trimetazidine for the rat myocardial tissue after exhaustion exercise / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To explore the protective effect of trimetazidine on the myocardial tissue of rats by observing the oxidative stress, apoptosis and energy metabolism in myocardial tissue of rats after exhausted exercise. Methods Thirty healthy adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups (10 each): quiet control group (C), exhausted exercise group (E) and exhausted exercise plus trimetazidine group (TE). Exhausted exercise model was established by forcing the rats swim ceaselessly, rats in group TE received hydrochloric acid trimetazidine (10mg/kg) for intervention. The myocardial tissue of rats was collected after the last exhausted exercise. The myocardial tissue of rats was evaluated by HE staining. The concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in rats' myocardial cell mitochondria were detected by spectrophotometry. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed to quantify the mRNA and protein levels of Bax, Bcl-2 and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in myocardial tissue of rats. Terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl Transferase Mediated Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) assay was employed to detect the apoptotic rate of myocardial tissue. Results Compared with group C, the SOD and GSH-Px activities in groups E and TE were reduced (P<0.01), while the MDA activity was increased (P<0.01), and more obvious changes were in group E. The SOD and GSH-Px activities decreased, while the MDA activity increased in group E than in group TE (P<0.01). Compared with group C, the apoptotic rate of myocardial tissue increased in groups E and TE (P<0.01), and the highest apoptotic rate was in group E (P<0.01). Furthermore, the mRNA and protein levels of Bax were significantly elevated in groups E and TE (P<0.01), and the highest expression was in group E (P<0.01). The mRNA and protein levels of BCL-2 were significantly reduced in groups E and TE (P<0.01), and the lowest expression was in group E (P<0.01). Meanwhile, compared with group C, the mRNA and protein expression of UCP2 was significantly increased in groups E and TE (P<0.01). After treatment with hydrochloric acid trimetazidine, the UCP2 expression in group TE was relative decreased than in group E (P<0.01). Conclusion Trimetazidine can reduce the oxidative stress and apoptotic rate of myocardial tissue of rats after exhausted exercise, indicating it plays an important protective role for the myocardial tissue of rats.

Identification and quantification of γ-aminobutyric acid in Ramulus Mori by TLC and HPLC / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To establish the methods for identification and quantification of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in Ramulus Mori by TLC and HPLC. Methods GABA was extracted by ultrasonic method with ethanol as solvent. The sample was applied on an efficient silica gel G plate with n-butanol-acetic acid-water (4∶2. 2∶1) as the developing system, and ninhydrin was used as chromogenie reagent. The content of γ-GABA was determined by HPLC. The separation was carried out on a ODS (4. 6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) column with phosphate buffered solution (pH=6. 8)-methanol as a mobile phase with gradient elution, flow rate was 1. 0 ml/min, the detection wavelength was 335 nm. Results The TLC spots of GABA in Ramulus Mori were clear with good separation. The assay of GABA was linear in the range of 1. 006-84. 504 μg/ml and correlation coefficient was 0. 9994. Conclusion The methods are simple, accurate and reproducible which are valuable to identify Ramulus Mori.

Development of a cell-based peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) screening model and its application for evaluation of triterpenoids isolate from Alismatis Rhizoma / 中国中药杂志

Peroxisome proliferators activated receptors (PPARs) are closely related to human chronic disease, such as diabetes mellitus and the other metabolic diseases. In this study, a cell-based PPARs (PPAR α/β/γ) model was developed for the screening of PPARs agonists from Alismatis Rhizoma (AR). Firstly, 293T cells were transfected with the reconstructed plasmid pBind-PPAR (α, β, or γ)-LBD and reporter gene pGL4.35, and the known PPARs agonists were used as the positive control (fenofibrate for PPARα, L165041 for PPARβ, and rosiglitazone for PPARγ). The ability of activation for PPARs was evaluated by analyzing the expression value of luciferase. Afterward, the 14 pure triterpenoids isolate from AR were analyzed on the developed PPARα, PPARβ and PPARγ screening assay method. The results showed that the compounds 5, 6, 7, 8, 13 and 14 from AR have the ability of activation for PPARα. The compounds 5 and 7 from AR have the ability of activation for PPARβ. The compounds 6, 7, 8 and 12 from RA have the ability of activation for PPARγ.In this study, the compound 12 from AR were found to display significant activation on PPARγ for the first time. AR triterpenoids extracts had the ability of activation for PPARα, PPARβ and PPARγ. The results suggested that triterpenoids extracts from AR were PPARα, PPARβ and PPARγ agonists. The results will help to provide reference for clinical application of AR, and establish a model for PPARs on 293T cell, which can be used to screen and evaluate PPARs natural agonists.

The Main Biological Hazards in Animal Biosafety Level 2 Facilities and Strategies for Control / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Concern about the biological hazards involved in microbiological research, especially research involving laboratory animals, has increased in recent years. Working in an animal biosafety level 2 facility (ABSL-2), commonly used for research on infectious diseases, poses various biological hazards. Here, the regulations and standards related to laboratory biosafety in China are introduced, the potential biological hazards present in ABSL-2 facilities are analyzed, and a series of strategies to control the hazards are presented.